Using Bayesian Networks for Risk Assessment in Healthcare System

To ensure patient safety, the healthcare service must be of a high quality, safe and effective. This work aims to propose integrated approaches to risk management for a hospital system. To improve patient’s safety, we should develop methods where different aspects of risk and type of information are taken into consideration. The first approach is designed for a context where data about risk events are available. It uses Bayesian networks for quantitative risk analysis in the hospital. Bayesian networks provide a framework for presenting causal relationships and enable probabilistic inference among a set of variables. The methodology is used to analyze the patient’s safety risk in the operating room, which is a high risk area for adverse event. The second approach uses the fuzzy Bayesian network to model and analyze risk. Fuzzy logic allows using the expert’s opinions when quantitative data are lacking and only qualitative or vague statements can be made. This approach provides an actionable model that accurately supports human cognition using linguistic variables. A case study of the patient’s safety risk in the operating room is used to illustrate the application of the proposed method

Services interfaces for interoperability of signaling computer interlocking on borders

Technological developments in the field of railway signaling have allowed more and more flexibility in the management of rail traffic, especially with computer interlocking. However, differences in signaling principles from one country to another as well as differences in the structure of interlocking software and communication protocols depending on suppliers lead to interoperability difficulties at the borders between computer interlocking. Some deployed projects deal with interoperability issues regarding the communication of signaling information between the train and interlocking like the European rail traffic management system (ERTMS) project. Unfortunately, the interoperability between interlocking themselves is still not achieved. Some deployed projects deal with interoperability issues regarding the communication of signaling information between the train and interlocking like the ERTMS project. Unfortunately, the interoperability between interlocking themselves is still not achieved. This article draws up a proposed model for interfacing at the interlocking boundaries based on service-oriented architecture (SOA). In addition, to ensure the coupling of SOA services to the internal functions of the signaling computer interlocking, a distributed architecture of programmable logic controller according to the IEC 61499 standard is suggested

Homogenous and interoperable signaling computer interlocking through IEC 61499 standard

The technological evolution of signaling systems has created a dependency from infrastructure managers to suppliers and industrials dominating the market. Indeed, for each deployed computer interlocking, the modification of field equipment is required to allow an adaptation with the new interlocking in terms of communication protocols and logical interface. In addition, to ensure safe traffic of trains, the communication of railway signaling data is necessary between interlockings. However, delayed deployments from one station to another make the establishment of communication channels costly and difficult, or even impossible, since each supplier keeps confidential its communication protocols and usually opts for interfacing based on wired logic. This paper presents our approach to a homogeneous architecture of interlocking meeting modularity requirements, interoperability, and logical interfacing between interlockings. This approach relies on a classification of internal functions of the computer interlocking, a distribution of the execution of those functions and making useful information available for interfaces between adjacent interlockings through the IEC 61499 standard coupled with service-oriented architecture (SOA)

Towards a new intelligent traffic system based on deep learning and data integration

Time series forecasting is an important technique to study the behavior of temporal data in order to forecast the future values, which is widely applied in intelligent traffic systems (ITS). In this paper, several deep learning models were designed to deal with the multivariate time series forecasting problem for the purpose of long-term predicting traffic volume. Simulation results showed that the best forecasts are obtained with the use of two hidden long short-term memory (LSTM) layers: the first with 64 neurons and the second with 32 neurons. Over 93% of the forecasts were made with less than ±2.0% error. The analysis of variances is mainly due to peaks in some extreme conditions. For this purpose, the data was then merged between two different sources: electromagnetic loops and cameras. Data fusion is based on a calibration of the reliability of the sources according to the visibility conditions and time of the day. The integration results were then compared with the real data to prove the improvement of the prediction results in peak periods after the data fusion step.

Les déterminants de la réussite entrepreneuriale en temps de la crise sanitaire et économique : Cas des PME de la région de Rabat-Salé-Kénitra

SMEs are the backbone of any economy (Eggers, 2020). Thus, when the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, the entire economy was put at risk and SMEs were hit hard. The first figures seem to be alarming, but the prospects for emerging from this vortex remain optimistic. At the end of 2020, more than 95% of Moroccan SMEs have been able to maintain their activity (HCP, 2021), many of which have shown resilience and agility and have been able to overcome the devastating effects of the crisis. Our research aims, then, to study the key determinants explaining the success of Moroccan SMEs in times of health and economic crisis COVID-19 by focusing on three main dimensions: the environment, the entrepreneur and the resources mobilized. To this end, we conducted a qualitative study through individual semi-directive interviews with a simple random sample of 20 entrepreneurs operating in the Rabat-Salé-Kenitra region. The results obtained showed that although the Moroccan government has developed a wide range of support measures for SMEs, the majority of the entrepreneurs considered that the success of their business is mainly due to endogenous factors related to their commitment, their motivation and the resources at their disposal, and secondarily, to exogenous factors related to the characteristics of the context and the opportunities offered by the environment in which they operate.   JEL Classification : H12, P47, F64. Paper type: Empirical research.Les PME constituent l'épine dorsale de toute économie (Eggers, 2020). Ainsi, lorsque la pandémie COVID-19 a surgi toute l’économie est mise en péril et les PME sont durement touchées. Les premiers chiffres paraissent certes, alarmants, toutefois les perspectives de sortie de ce tourbillon demeurent optimistes. À fin 2020, plus que 95% des PME marocaines ont pu maintenir leur activité (HCP, 2021)  dont une bonne partie a fait preuve de résilience et d’agilité et a pu surmonter, relativement, les effets dévastateurs de la crise. Notre recherche vise, alors, à étudier les déterminants clés explicatifs de la réussite des PME marocaines en temps de crise sanitaire et économique COVID-19 en mettant l’accent sur trois principales dimensions: l’environnement, l’entrepreneur et les ressources mobilisées. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une étude qualitative via des entretiens individuels semi-directifs auprès d’un échantillon de type aléatoire simple composé de 20 entrepreneurs œuvrant dans la région de Rabat-Salé-Kenitra. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que bien que le gouvernement marocain a développé une panoplie de mesures d’appui et de soutien aux PME, la majorité des entrepreneurs considérait que la réussite de leur entreprise est inhérente principalement à des facteurs endogènes liés à leur engagement, leur motivation et aux ressources propres mises à leur disposition et subsidiairement, aux facteurs exogènes liés aux caractéristiques du contexte et aux opportunités offertes par l’environnement où ils opèrent.   Classification JEL: H12, P47, F64. Type de l’article : Recherche appliqué

AN HYBRID SYSTEM RF/UWB FOR THE INDOOR LOCALIZATION

In a context of the evolution of localization based on the technological progress and the implementation of GNSS such as GPS or the European Galileo project used in outdoor environment allowing accuracy of a few meters, but for an indoor environment, the signal is deteriorated due to the obstacles, so other techniques are used. This paper provides an overview of the indoor localization techniques. After presenting all the existing location technologies, I am going to introduce a new design based on the fusion of data from different sources, by studying a system using two different technologies

Dossier : Sexe et sexualités au Maghreb. Essais d'ethnographies contemporaines

Ce recueil assemble une dizaine d’enquêtes conduites dans les différents pays du Maghreb (Libye, Tunisie, Algérie, Maroc, Mauritanie), qui cherchent à élucider les conditions dans lesquelles se crée une économie sociale des sexualités, plus diverse que ne le laisse supposer le paradigme d’une « personnalité arabo-musulmane ». Refusant les perspectives « orientalistes » (une sexualité arabo-islamique expliquée à partir des textes sacrés), culturalistes (une configuration maghrébine de la sexualité), moralistes (des sociétés corrompues par l’Occident) ou militantes (défense des libertés individuelles, féminisme, islamisme), ces ethnographies contemporaines restituent les tensions entre individualisme et ethos communautaire, entre prescriptions nationales et locales, entre éthique occidentale et prédication religieuse, l’une et l’autre intensément médiatisées. Sans prétendre à une exhaustivité ni même à une représentativité de la gamme des situations réelles, ces enquêtes convergent sur un point : si toutes sortes de pratiques s’observent au Maghreb en matière de sexualité, les intéressés entendent bien ne pas se laisser enfermer dans des catégories. Quelle que soit leur orientation sexuelle du moment, ils ne l’instrumentalisent pas forcément pour construire une identité de prostituée, d’homosexuels ou de libertins. En ce sens, la dynamique des pratiques, ni plus ni moins moderne ou plurale que ce que l’on voit ailleurs, échapperait à l’obsession de la norme couramment assignée aux sociétés musulmanes. Valérie Beaumont, Corinne Cauvin Verner, François Pouillo